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| Monday March 17, 2008
Don’t worry, residents are there
A GROUP of residents from Subang Jaya and USJ volunteered several hours of
their Saturday morning to help bring down campaign banners and posters put up
earlier for assemblyman Hannah Yeoh.
The group with slightly more than 10 members arrived at the Subang Jaya DAP
branch in SS14 where Yeoh had set up her service centre at about 10am.
Some brought ladders and scissors while others helped attach blades to long
poles in order to reach the higher spots where the banners were hung
While Yeoh couldn’t make it, her political secretary Edward Ling coordinated
the clean-up by dividing the residents into groups of three to cover the various
areas within the constituency.
Hard at
work: The volunteers removing a poster that has been left over from the
campaign.
Ling said most of the banners had already been taken down.
USJ resident Mak Meng Chin wanted to show his support to Yeoh and the
volunteers who had chipped in for the cleanup.
“Volunteerism is important. We need to lead by example and to move away from
monetary incentives,” Mak said.
He had found out about the cleanup effort in a posting on Ling’s website.
SS14 resident Daphne Foo and her friend Melissa Wong, who also stays in USJ,
were among the early birds at the centre awaiting the start of the cleanup.
“This is the least we can do to show our support. It’s doing it for our own
home ground of Subang Jaya,” said Wong.ebsite.
Work was completed at around 2pm and Ling confirmed that all posters and
flyers were successfully removed.
Foo said they had found out about the cleanup through Yeoh’s w | | |
| Sunday March 30, 2008
Groomed to lead
RISING to a challenge is second nature to Hannah Yeoh. Written off before the
elections for being a greenhorn, she sprang an upset and won the Subang Jaya
state seat by a big majority.
Yeoh, 29, graduated in law from the University of Tasmania, Australia.
Tell us about your alma mater.
SMK Subang Utama in Selangor was a new school and there were some discipline
problems initially. But eventually, we won the Sekolah Harapan award.
 Hannah
(front right) with her university mates after a volleyball match.
How were you as a student – naughty, quiet or goody-two-shoes?
I was the head prefect for both the afternoon and morning sessions, so that
really answers the question.
Describe your co-curricular experiences in school.
I was vice-president of the Leo Club and was named Leo of the Year for
organising a fundraising event that raised RM10,000 for Shelter Home.
I was also captain for the blue sports house. In primary school, I
participated in the 400m and 4x100 relay race. I won third place at the district
schools sports meet (MSSD) in one race.
Share your most cherished school memories.
There were too many good times to list.
Who were your favourite teachers, and why?
My discipline teacher Mr Wan stands out because he spent a lot of time with
the prefects and provided clear guidance that helped many of us carry out our
duties.
Another teacher was Mr Lim Cho Hong. I didn’t do very well in Form Five due
to my over-involvement in other activities. Mr Lim assured me that “the best is
yet to come”.
Was there something in your student life that sparked your interest in
politics?
No. My involvement in politics happened after my political secretary, Edward
Ling, motivated me to make a positive difference.
What is your view of the current education system?
I worry about some students taking more than 15 subjects at SPM level. I feel
it is important to have a balance. By putting too much pressure on students to
perform academically, there is a danger of robbing kids of their childhood.
It is great to win, but not at all costs, especially when one’s values and
integrity are compromised.
What changes would you like to see in our education system?
I would like to see students thinking for themselves rather than being
spoon-fed.
Critical thinking is important, so more activities like public speaking and
debates should be organised.
Currently, university students are not allowed to be involved in politics. If
this restriction is lifted and an environment of expression encouraged, this
nation can really move forward.
What is the one thing that you would have liked to do as a student but
never did?
I should not have enrolled in the science stream as I never had the passion
for it. I chose it because I wanted to be with my friends. – RICHARD LIM
| | |
| New Cabinet Line up (2008)Tuesday March 18, 2008 MYT 1:28:33 PM
PUTRAJAYA: Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi announced his new administration on Tuesday, trimming his Cabinet from 32 to 27 seats, of which more than half featured new faces. He also scrapped the post of parliamentary secretary and dropped big guns such as Datuk Seri Rafidah Aziz (former International Trade and Industry Minister), Datuk Azmi Khalid (Home Affairs Minister) and Datuk Dr Jamaluddin Jarjis (Science, Technology and Innovations Minister). He also merged the Home Affairs and Internal Security ministries, saying that they had many overlapping functions, and named former Foreign Minister Datuk Seri Syed Hamid Albar as its minister. The full list: Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak Ministers in the Prime Minister's Department Tan Sri Bernard Dompok Datuk Seri Nazri Aziz Datuk Ahmad Zahid Hamidi Datuk Mohd Zaid Ibrahim Datuk Amirsham Abdul Aziz Deputy Ministers in the Prime Minister's Department Datuk Johari Baharom Datuk Dr Mashitah Ibrahim Datuk K. Devamany Datuk Hassan Malik Finance Minister - Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi Second Finance Minister - Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop Deputies - Datuk Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Datuk Kong Cho Ha Defence Minister - Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak Deputy - Datuk Wira Abu Seman Yusop Internal Security and Home Affairs Minister - Datuk Seri Syed Hamid Albar Deputies - Datuk Chor Chee Heong, Senator Wan Ahmad Farid Wan Salleh Housing and Local Government Minister -Datuk Ong Ka Chuan Deputies - Datuk Robert Lau , Datuk Hamzah Zainuddin Works Minister Minister - Datuk Mohd Zin Mohamad Deputy- Datuk Yong Khoon Seng Energy, Water and Communications Minister - Datuk Shaziman Abu Mansor Deputy- Datuk Joseph Salang Gandum Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Minister - Datuk Mustapa Mohamed Deputy - Datin Paduka Rohani Abdul Karim International Trade and Industry Minister -Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin Deputies- Loh Wei Keong, Datuk Jacob Dungau Sagan Foreign Affairs Minister -Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim Deputy- Tunku Azlan Abu Bakar Education Minister -Datuk Seri Hishammuddin Hussein Deputies -Datuk Wee Ka Siong, Datuk Razali Ismail Higher Education Minister - Datuk Khaled Nordin Deputies - Khoo Kok Choong, Datuk Idris Harun Transport Datuk Ong Tee Keat Deputy - Anifah Aman Human Resources Datuk S. Subramaniam Deputy- Datuk Noraini Ahmad Women, Family and Community Development Minister-Datuk Dr Ng Yen Yen Deputy- Noriah Kasnon National Unity, Culture, Arts and Heritage Minister- Datuk Shafie Apdal Deputy-Datuk Teng Boon Soon Science, Technology and Innovation Minister- Datuk Dr Maximus Ongkili Deputy- Fadilah Yusof Entrepreneurial and Cooperative Development Minister - Datuk Noh Omar Deputy- Datuk Saiffuddin Abdullah Natural Resources and Environment Minister - Datuk Douglas Unggah Embas Deputy - Datuk Abu Ghapur Salleh Rural and Regional Development Minister - Tan Sri Muhammad Muhd Taib Deputy- Tan Sri Joseph Kurup Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs Minister - Datuk Shahrir Samad Deputy - Jelaing Mersat Plantation Industries and Commodities Minister - Datuk Peter Chin Fah Kui Deputy- Senator A. Kohilan Youth and Sports Minister - Datuk Ismail Sabri Yaacob Deputy - Wee Jack Seng Health Minister - Datuk Liow Tiong Lai Deputy- Datuk Dr Abdul Latiff Ahmad Information Minister - Datuk Ahmad Shabery Cheek Deputy- Datuk Tan Lian Hoe Tourism Minister - Datuk Azalina Othman Deputy - Datuk Sulaiman Abdul Rahman Abu Taib FT Minister - Datuk Zulhasnan Rafique Deputy- M. Saravanan | | |
| this was supposed to be posted before march 8th(Compiled Bergotong-Royong, in 48 hours, over Four Time Zones, by members of the Stanford Malaysian Forum Kopitiam Mailing List) Helpful info for voters in the 2008 Malaysian General Elections An informal reference guide for friends and family who are voting. Last revised Friday 7 Mar 2008. Please send feedback and corrections to election.booklet@gmail.com. The latest copy of the document can always be found at http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dgwcc253_0fm3qf6fm.
1. The Election Process All about the election process - Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia (SPR) or Election Commission (EC) website: www.spr.gov.my/index/process.htm Register well in advance (at least half a year) of the next expected election as the electoral roll often takes some time to be updated. If you anticipate being abroad during the time of the elections, register as a postal voter as soon as possible. Where can you register? Election Commission of Malaysia Headquarters or State Election Offices or All Post Offices with computer facilities in the country; or EC's mobile registration units; other places specified by EC as Registration Centres. Check your voting status and polling centre so you'll know where to go on polling day.
Check online at daftarj.spr.gov.my or undi.info. Call SPR at 03-8885-6600. Check via Election Commission SMS hotlines (www.spr.gov.my/index/pagemulabi.htm has detailed instructions for SMS). Just type SPR [Your IC number] e.g. SPR 123456789 to one of the following numbers: 39111, 22789, 33626, 32232, 39988, 29777, 36677, 33030. Check in person at SPR headquarters, state elections offices, and mobile registration units. Find those addresses at http://spr.gov.my/index/contact.htm. On polling day Polling centres are open 8am to 5pm. To vote, bring any one of these: MyKad, old IC, Malaysian passport, driving license with photo, receipt issued by National Registration Dept, authority card issued by any government agency which includes the name, IC number and photo of bearer. Either a pen or pencil can be used to mark the ballot paper. Bring your own pen in case pens are not provided at the polling centre. Be sure to make a clear and dark X for the person/party for which you are voting. Are there provisions at polling centres for senior citizens, disabled people or pregnant women? Each polling centre has a special stream for senior citizens. Staff at the polling centre will give priority to disabled people or pregnant women to cast their vote. Postal voting. Not everyone can vote as postal voter. To see if you are eligible to vote as a postal voter, please find out more at the SPR website: www.spr.gov.my/index/act03.pdf. What to do if you are not allowed to vote or if any of your rights (see below) are violated? Lodge a report at the nearest police station.
2. Your Rights as a Malaysian Citizen and Voter As a Malaysian citizen, you have a number of basic electoral rights.
The right to vote if you are registered and above 21 years of age. The right to vote in secret. (To this end, serial numbers were removed from ballots this year. SPR says that "your vote is secret".) The right to access a fair and effective voter registration procedure. The right to an easily accessible polling centre. The right to cast your votes freely, without fear or intimidation from, or obligation to any party or person.
(Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union declaration on free and fair elections - http://www.ipu.org/cnl-e/154-free.htm)
3. What constitutes 'free and fair' elections? As a voter, you should be able to exercise all your rights listed above. The Inter-Parliamentary Union - an international organization of Parliaments of sovereign States (including that of Malaysia) - has agreed upon additional criteria, which include the following:
Citizens should have the right to express political opinions without interference; to seek, receive and impart information and to make an informed choice; and to run as a candidate and move freely within the country in order to campaign for election. (Acceptable restrictions can be placed on this. E.g. in many countries, civil servants, as servants of the government rather than any particular party, should not express political views or act in a partisan manner during the exercise of their duties; however, they may be allowed to participate in politics outside of working hours in their private life.)
Political parties should have the right to campaign on an equal basis with other political parties, including the party forming the existing government. This includes equal access to the media and equal protection for their persons and property under the law. Also, the campaigning period should be sufficient for all parties to spread their message. Government (usually Parliament or the Election Commission as appropriate) has the responsibility to ensure the protection of the rights listed above and provide avenues for legal recourse if they are violated. As such, the Election Commission and its officers shall remain independent, non-partisan, impartial and free from manipulations from any political parties. It is also the responsibility of the Government to ensure that the election process is peaceful, transparent, efficient and impartial, including for example through the presence of party agents, national and international observers. Other responsibilities include regulating fundings of electoral campaigns, providing for efficient voter registration and voting, maintaining an up-to-date electoral roll and making sure that each person votes has the oportunity to vote once and only once.
The full 'Declaration on Criteria for Free and Fair Elections' can be found here: www.ipu.org/cnl-e/154-free.htm.
4. What constitutes unfair elections? Elections are unfair when any of the rights above are violated. Some concrete examples include:
Malapportionment. Malapportionment is the imbalance in terms of the number of voters by constituency. If there is to be no malapportionment, every constituency should have the same number of voters i.e. the 'one man one vote' principle. An example of malapportionment would be if a country had two constituencies, one with one voter and a second with one million. Every citizen's vote in the second constituency would be "worth" only 1/1000000 of the vote of the voter in the first constituency. Some exceptions to this rule are usually considered acceptable. In Malaysia, malapportionment is serious, with over-representation of rural communities. Many rural constituencies have, in some cases, only 1/5th the number of voters in some of the larger urban constituencies. While the original 1957 Constitution provided safeguards against the size discrepancy such that discrepancy between any two districts is not more than 15%, this restriction was abolished in later constitutional amendments, therefore resulting at times in very large size discrepancies in constituencies. (eg: Putrajaya has about 6,000 voters while districts in Penang have on average 50,000 voters). There are different ways of measuring malapportionment but here is one intuitive example. In Malaysia, it takes about 33.4% of voters to win 50% of parliamentary seats. If there was no malapportionment, you would need to win 50% of voters to win 50% of seats.
Gerrymandering. Gerrymandering refers to the drawing up of constituency lines so that electoral boundaries can be manipulated to gain an electoral advantage.
In Malaysia, the recent 2003 electoral boundary delimitation changes to create 25 new constituencies in predominantly BN-supporting areas was highly controversial, and was opposed by opposition members of parliament, leading to a collective opposition member walk-out during the parliamentary session.
Threats against voters (implicit or explicit), and partisan treatment of voters, particularly civil servants. A key point to understand here is that there is a difference between what is commonly called 'the government' and particular political parties, such as BN, DAP, PAS, PKR etc. No matter which political party wins the elections and forms the majority in parliament, the executive agencies of the government and civil servants must stay put and continue to do their job. Examples of such bodies and people are: civil servants and government doctors with the Ministry of Health, school teachers etc. They serve the country as a whole, NOT THE RULING POLITICAL PARTY, and have a responsibility to do so without fear or favour.
Thus, a political party has no right to say such things as 'If you do not vote us, and we win the elections, we will not give you electricity or mend your roads this time around.' Nor does it have the right to carry out such threats. The reason for this is that the mending of roads is done by the Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR), which is a government agency, not a political party. The JKR has a responsibility to serve all Malaysian citizens to maintain the national road system (given budget and other constraints) without regard to the MP for the area or the party forming the state government. In principle JKR and other executive agencies in the government have nothing to do with politics. This also means that civil servants are FREE to vote for whoever they choose.
Postal voting system. Not all Malaysians are allowed to vote by post. There is confusion over who is eligible, and it is important to ascertain the truth. This SPR document may be a good starting point - http://www.spr.gov.my/index/act03.pdf. The postal voting system has been criticized as lacking transparency. The actual marking of postal votes on the ballots is not a scrutinized process (whereas at voting centres, voters cast their vote in sight of observers but within a voting booth). Voter identification slips are found in voter packages too, jeopardizing the anonymity of the votes. Malaysians abroad like overseas students and professional have reported difficulties in registering as postal voters at Malaysian embassies.
Phantom voters. Incidences of irregularities with the electoral roll have been reported. Some issues reported through BERSIH and other election monitoring bodies are: about 9,000 voters aged 100 and above, multiple registrations at the same address (up to 40 people registered at one home address), non-existent addresses, voters registered outside of their home district without their prior knowledge, out-station voters transferred en-masse from one district to another, etc.
Independence of Election Commission (EC). Certain factors may negatively affect the independence of the entity entrusted with carrying out elections. Examples include: Recommendations made by the EC requiring the approval of the government. Members of the EC being appointed by the government. Ideally, an Election Commission should be an independent institution with a structure made up of multi-party representatives.
Unequal access to press and media. Unequal access to the mainstream media by political parties can hurt their ability to communicate with voters, thereby preventing voters from making the most informed choice possible. In Malaysia, three NGOs have teamed up to monitor the mainstream media's coverage of the 2008 General Elections. Read their opinions at http://www.aliran.com/elections/.
For more information on some issues that have been raised about the electoral process in Malaysia, please refer to BERSIH's Joint Communique at http://www.bersih.org.
Other information:
Administration and Cost of Elections Project (ACE) Electoral Knowledge Network - http://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/bd/bdy/bdy_my Human Rights Watch Press Release - http://hrw.org/english/docs/2008/03/04/malays18204.htm Article by Dr Lim Hong Hai of USM - http://malaysiavotes.com/wp/2008/03/06/redeeming-malaysian-elections/ 5. History and Key statistics In the 11th General Elections in 2004, Barisan National garnered 64% of the popular vote and won 91% of the seats in Parliament. The Opposition garnered 36% of the popular vote and won 9% of the seats in Parliament. RESULTS OF 2004 GENERAL ELECTION (Source: http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/m/malaysia/malaysia2004.txt)===================================================================
Party Votes % Seats Change -------------------------------------------------------------------United Malays National Organisation 2,483,249 35.9 109 +38 Malaysian Chinese Association 1,074,230 15.5 31 +02
Malaysian People's Movement 257,763 03.7 10 +04 Malaysian Indian Congress 221,546 03.2 9 +02 Other National Front parties 383,664 05.5 39 +05 Total National Front 4,420,452 63.9 198 +51
Islamic Party of Malaysia 1,051,480 15.2 7 -20 Democratic Action Party 687,340 09.9 12 +02 People's Justice Party 617,518 08.9 1 -04 Others 139,438 02.1 1 -02
-------------------------------------------------------------------Total 6,916,138 219 +26 -------------------------------------------------------------------If you want to learn more, websites like http://undi.info/resources.html and http://undi.info/history.html have detailed breakdowns of all election data since 1959.
6. What can you do? Before and on this Saturday
Educate yourself on the candidates standing in your area, the issues you care about, and the candidates' positions on them. Find the state and parliamentary candidates running in your constituency. http://undi.info/state.html (map), http://thestar.com.my/election/maps/ (map), http://thestar.com.my/election/results/candidates.html (table).
Look them up in the MyCEN list of links -- Many candidate have websites/blogs (http://www.mycen.com.my/malaysia/election2008.html). citizenthinktank has biographies for some candidates who were previously MPs. http://www.citizenthinktank.com Google them! Often will come up with interesting info. But do be vigilant about factual accuracy.
Know your rights as a citizen and voter. List of rights above - see section 2 "Your Rights as a Malaysian Citizen and Voter" If you are unclear about your rights or feel they have been violated, don't sit back! Find out more and take action. At the very least, write down in detail what you observed. Miscellanous fact regarding district boundaries: If 100 or more registered voters in a constituency object to the EC about the delimitation of its boundaries, a "local inquiry" must be made. [Section 7, Schedule 13 of the Federal Constitution] Educate yourself on the electoral process and what constitutes 'free and fair elections'. Organise a 'balik kampung' voting/reunion trip with your classmates/friends/relatives. Think about the longer-term issues for Malaysia. Think about the changes you hope to see for Malaysia -- true and deep harmony for all races and religions, deep-rooted stability and peace in our communities, meritocracy, opportunities for development for all citizens. Think about what has been accomplished, and not accomplished in the past four years. You have the right to vote and the power to help shape our country. Envision what kind of country you want your children and grandchildren to grow up in, and use your vote wisely to help build a better Malaysia.
After this Saturday
Register to vote! (If you haven't already.) www.komas.org/video_daftar_belum.html Go personally to registration centre (Post office/EC headquarters/State Election Office/Mobile registration unit at public places) with I/C. Ensure Form A is correctly filled by the staff before signing the form. Keep one copy of the form as proof of your registration. More info at http://www.spr.gov.my/index/regelectors.htm. Know your representatives, both MP (parliament) and ADUN (state). Communicate with them if you have ideas, complaints or just want to get to know their views on certain issues. Don't feel shy about taking up their time - their job is to get to know you and to represent you in the government. Express your views. If you feel that your rights as a citizen have been violated, or if you have an idea for how our country can work better, TAKE ACTION! Communicate with the appropriate government agencies; talk to your MP; write a letter to the press; remember that many great things start small. Don't assume that 'nobody will listen' to what you have to say. In some cases that may be true, but you may be pleasantly surprised if you exercise your rights as a citizen.
Create awareness, reasoned discussion and informed action among your friends and family. Encourage others to vote. Talk to your friends and speak at public forums about current issues in the country in a reasonable manner: do not make personal attacks against others; make sure that what you say is based on fact; consider all sides of every situation. Help organise public forums and discussions on current affairs; invite your friends to them. Help your friends to see different aspects of each issue so that they can make informed decisions.
Seek to understand the important issues. To deeply understand issues of importance, it is often critical to try to understand the points of view on "all sides" of the issue. The Internet is a valuable resource for obtaining information. There are various online forums that try to discuss various issues pertaining to Malaysia in a balanced fashion, among them Promuda: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/promuda_circle and the Malaysia Forum: www.malaysiaforum.org.
7. Key websites General
Very comprehensive, non-partisan list of relevant websites [http://www.mycen.com.my/malaysia/election2008.html] Must see! Past cabinet line-up, federal and state govt. websites, party manifestos, party websites, election monitor websites, candidate websites, blogs, mainstream and alternative news sources, etc. [http://www.undi.info] Constituency maps with candidates for 2008 GE, candidates for 2004 GE, 2004 GE results, # people per constituency. Other statistics also. Election 2008 Malaysian Media Monitors Diary [http://www.aliran.com/elections/] Monitoring the mainstream media's coverage of the 2008 General Elections. Parliamentary debate transcripts [http://www.parlimen.gov.my/hansard.php] Searchable transcripts of Parliamentary debates going back to 1960. You can search for everything said by a particular MP, or any topic at all. List of MPs by name, state and party [http://www.parlimen.gov.my/DewRakyat_AhliDewan.php] Picture and contact info of each MP. Frequently Asked Questions by the Election Commission [http://www.spr.gov.my/index/faqBI.htm]
Media
Mainstream media: Bernama, New Straits Times, Utusan Malaysia, Nanyang Siang Pau, The Star Alternative media: Aliran, Malaysia Kini, Harakah Blogs: Petaling Street (excerpts from many blogs), Malaysia Today, Malaysia Votes
Political parties & Candidates
Party websites: Barisan Nasional, DAP, PAS, PKR. Other websites at http://www.mycen.com.my/malaysia/election2008.html.
Candidate and party leader websites & blogs: See http://www.mycen.com.my/malaysia/election2008.html.
Other interesting websites
List of MPs (not complete) with biographies, ratings & reviews. Articles on various issues. Government assessment survey. http://www.citizenthinktank.com Research on various policy areas, key documents (e.g. Constitution of Malaysia with notes), social and economic indicators. http://cpps.org.my/ Voter education videos (funny and illustrated booklet. http://www.komas.org/voter_education.html Star article entitled "Elections 101". Briefly describes the first-past-the-post system, parliamentary/state constituencies, eligibility to vote, contesting, polling day details, and post-polling processes. http://thestar.com.my/election/story.asp?file=/2008/2/14/election2008/20080214143819&sec=Election2008
5 KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER BEFORE YOU VOTE You are eligible to vote if you are a Malaysian citizen above 21 years of age and have registered to vote (to check if you have registered, enter your IC number here: http://daftarj.spr.gov.my/). You can place your vote: When: March 8th, 2008 (Saturday) Where: At your designated polling centre What to bring: Your MyKad, old IC, Malaysian passport, driving license with photo, OR receipt issued by National Registration Dept AND a pen. Your vote is COMPLETELY ANONYMOUS AND SECRET. If any of your voting rights have been violated or you notice instances of malpractice, LODGE A POLICE REPORT. VOTE !
| | |
| lalalilalaEthnic Protests in Malaysia After Election Losses
By THOMAS FULLER
Published: March 15, 2008
PENANG, Malaysia
— Chanting "Long Live the Malays!" several hundred members of
Malaysia's largest ethnic group gathered Friday on this largely Chinese
island, defying a police ban on protests and raising communal tensions
after sharp electoral losses by the country's governing party.
Newly elected state governments have moved rapidly to abolish some
of the long-held privileges of ethnic Malays. Those efforts have
challenged the core of Malaysia's ethnic-based political system and
inflamed the sensibilities of Malays. Until the March 8 elections,
Malays thoroughly dominated politics through the country's largest
party, the United Malays National Organization, known by its initials,
U.M.N.O.
The opposition parties that beat U.M.N.O. and its partners in five
states say affirmative action should be based on need rather than
ethnicity. But the opposition, too, is struggling to contain fissures
along ethnic lines as a Chinese opposition party competes with its
Malay counterpart.
"We're living in very sensitive times," said Tricia Yeoh, director
of the Center for Public Policy Studies, an independent research center
in Kuala Lumpur, the capital.
The affirmative action program favoring the Malays has been in place
for more than three and a half decades and gives Malays everything from
discounts on new houses to 30 percent quotas in initial public
offerings of companies. It is known as the New Economic Policy.
"The term is very emotive," Ms. Yeoh said. "I don't think many
people have bothered to investigate the details of the policy itself.
But it's an affirmation of their identity in the country, of their
significance and their worth."
Demonstrators here on Friday, who were dispersed by a large
contingent of riot police officers, chanted "Allahu akbar!" — "God is
great!" — and vowed to return for future protests.
"This will continue," said Nasarudin bin Mat Nor, 70, a retired
schoolteacher who took part in the protest. "If there is no help for
the Malays, they will get poorer."
Malaysians are split as much along religious lines as ethnic, with
Muslim Malays governed by a separate legal system. The protest Friday
immediately followed Friday prayers at a nearby mosque.
But the election results showed that the Malays themselves are also
divided between educated, wealthy and often urban Malays and poorer
families living in the countryside.
"U.M.N.O. is going to go through some sort of consolidation," said
Ibrahim Suffian, director of the Merdeka Center, an independent polling
agency. "A lot of people are looking for someone to take the fall for
the results."
For the first time since independence from Britain in 1957, the
governing coalition has lost control of Malaysia's largest and
wealthiest states, including Penang, Selangor and Perak.
The governing coalition, the National Front, won 51 percent of the
popular vote and slightly more than 60 percent of the seats in the
federal Parliament, down from 90 percent of the seats in the 2004
elections.
Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi has vowed to stay on, but is
coming under increasing pressure to quit. On Friday, Mukhriz Mahathir,
the son of former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, openly called for Mr. Abdullah to step down.
"The unhappy voters gave a clear message, that is they reject you as
head of the government," Mr. Mukhriz wrote in an open letter to the
prime minister.
The loss of Penang, in particular, is a major blow to Mr. Abdullah,
whose constituency is based there. He came to power in 2003 promising
to sweep away pervasive corruption and make government more
accountable. But a series of scandals, rising prices and protests by
ethnic Indians over religious freedom and income inequality caused his popularity to plummet.
"He looks pretty vulnerable now," Mr. Ibrahim said.
Mainstream newspapers here, most of them controlled by Mr.
Abdullah's party and its partners, have emphasized squabbling among
opposition leaders as they take control of state governments. A
swearing-in ceremony on Thursday was delayed when the parties could not
agree who should fill the top government post in the state of Perak.
"This is a process of coalition-forming that is part of democracy,"
Tian Chua, the spokesman of the People's Justice Party, told Reuters on
Friday. "We are learning it." | | |
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